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hello everybody and welcome to this

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week's special James Webb Space

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Telescope edition of our Hubble hangout

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this week we're going to be talking

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about our recent milestone that was

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reached in the building of the James

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Webb Space Telescope or JWST for short

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as I love to call it and we have people

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both from Northrop Grumman and Goddard

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Space Flight Center to help out and give

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us some background and to talk about

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this latest test this latest test

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milestone you may recall back in

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something back in the summer in their

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facilities in California the the folks

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at Northrop Grumman have for the first

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time fully deployed the Sun shield which

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will be on the orbiting spacecraft we're

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going to talk about that test we're

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going to talk about what the Sun shield

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is and we'll talk about the overall

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deployment of the James Webb Space

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Telescope as well but before I do that

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and before I also get to the

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introductions of everybody here let me

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tell you how you can interact with us if

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you have questions about the jada the

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JWST or the deployment or anything about

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what it may do at science we hope that

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you will interact with us by either

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using the easiest way is to use the Q&A

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app that's either both on YouTube and

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Google+ another very easy way to do it

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is to comment on the event page on

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Google+ and the YouTube events video

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page itself because I'm monitoring all

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of that also we hope you will tweet at

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us using the Hubble hangout hashtag you

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can also use JWST we're mom we're doing

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both of those as well so please tweet

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ask your questions and your give us your

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comments and we will use them later on

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I'm very excited about today because for

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the first time in a long time I've got

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my old friend dr. Alberto Conti

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hello Alberto hey Tony it's great to be

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here again a long time indeed used to be

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an astronomer here are you still an

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astronomer yeah I do I might a little

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weird but I still I'm a silly

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astrophysicist here Northrop Grumman

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I'm the innovation manager for business

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development so I work on to the bestia

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and the things are perhaps in the future

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after Jetta misty oh good and also with

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us is the chief engineer for from

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northrup-grumman who worked on the JWST

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jonathan Ehrenberg hi Jonathan it's

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really good to see him for the first or

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for the first time in our hangout

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nice to be here good also we and he's

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back with us dr. mark clapping he's the

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he is the program manager for the James

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Webb Space Telescope at no I'm sorry

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you're not your program manager you're

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the Observatory project scientist for

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the James Webb Space Telescope at net

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NOAA NASA Goddard hi mark welcome back

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all right thanks okay so and also Scott

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driving the internet I mean the

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Internet's so I will be tweeting all

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over Hubble hangout and I know that NASA

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social

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and NASA official has been I'm already

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seeing some tweets going out so I wanted

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to be seeing you guys tweet and we'll be

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trying to gather all those questions and

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comments up so let's go ahead and get

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started so the James Webb Space

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Telescope is being built right now as we

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speak in a lot of different places it's

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being assembled in in at NASA Goddard

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but it's being built in many different

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facilities one of which is Northrop

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Grumman

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and it is the successor to the to the

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Hubble Space Telescope if you haven't

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heard about it by now

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you will certainly be hearing more about

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it in the future it's scheduled for

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launch when Alberto 2018 October 2018

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2018 we'll talk a little bit more about

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the details of the schedule of how

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things are going with it and everything

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else but we really want to talk about a

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really exciting thing that happened last

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summer where they for the first time

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there with it would be bigger the folks

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at Northrop Grumman have tested the it's

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fully deployed a heat shield which will

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protect the instruments on the

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spacecraft itself and I guess in order

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to give some people an idea of what

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we're talking about for those who have

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never seen it before we have an

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animation of what will happen once the

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once the observatory is in space once

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it's in orbit and I tell you it's

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amazing what's going to happen here

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this is the it when you fully understand

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all the stuff that's gonna happen after

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the spacecraft gets into space just

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blows me away every time I see it so

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John I think what I'd like you to do if

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you don't mind is we have an animation

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here of the deployment sequence can you

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step us through it just a little bit

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what's gonna happen to JWST once it

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launches sure what you just saw was

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separation from our launch vehicle and

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stabilization and unfolding of the solar

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array if you watch along the bottom it

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shows our position away from Earth and

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as you can see we're passing the moon

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and still quite stowed we can have a

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couple of mid-course Corrections to add

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the necessary energy to achieve our

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orbit and the Blue Dot and we just left

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behind is the manned altitude record

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currently held by Apollo 13 the Sun

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shield begins to deploy by opening the

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aft and forward palettes and the

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telescope which would snug down for

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launch moves away about four feet from

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the Sun shield and what you see is the

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various covers that protect the

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membranes unfolding and the structure

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the mid moons as we call them pressing

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out there like a great big old-fashioned

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car antenna and then after a suitable

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waiting period we reel in the cables in

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tension the Sun shield pulling it to its

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full orientation once that's done as

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you're going to see in just a second the

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telescope begins to deploy the secondary

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mirror mount the aft radiator to allow

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the instruments to vent their heat to

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space and then finally the wings and

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this is completed roughly about a

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million kilometres or 600,000 miles and

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if you guys you can see in the upper

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part of the screen to sort of the

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elapsed time we're in day 29 and this

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animation

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so a month after launch this thing is

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going to be going through its paces and

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to become fully deployed and it's

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pointed in its spot at the l2 point and

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we'll talk about what that is in just a

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minute so I don't know if you guys fully

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got that I mean we they had they crammed

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this whole gigantic Observatory into the

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rocket and the engineering challenge one

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of the biggest ones they've ever they've

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ever had to solve I think was how are

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they gonna get something that has the

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shape of the James Webb Space Telescope

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into a rocket and out to to where it

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needs to be and you just saw the plan

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for it John the so the who was

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responsible for this this design was er

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it was our group of people team of

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people that became there's a was a very

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large team of people that studied it in

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the early phases and came up with the

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architecture passively cooled large

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beryllium mirror telescope and then the

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design has significantly matured over

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the last few years as it went from

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concept I well the sunshield in some way

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okay part of you cut out there I'm not

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sure it was

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we caught the light we didn't catch the

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last part of that but hopefully we'll

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get we'll be able to fill in the details

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a little bit later so this the Sun shall

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let's let's talk about the Sun shield

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itself a little bit um Kelly I don't

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know if you can go into one of the

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images or maybe the the animation where

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it was fully what where the Sun shield

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was deployed can you go to one of those

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spots there what's the Sun shield

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supposed to do what's it what's its

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purpose the Sun shield purpose is very

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simple it makes a nice dark shadow that

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the telescope lives in and it allows the

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telescope to radiate its heat to space

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to achieve the operating very cold

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temperatures that the telescope needs to

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be able to see our targets so basically

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it's a very high-tech parasol alright so

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remember

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if I can interject here for a second

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remember that we build a telescope you

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know to satisfy our our science

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curiosity if you will and web in order

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to do his job needs to be extremely cold

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because it's an infrared telescope and

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so in order to do that and to make it in

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such a way that you don't have

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Expendables like for example gas cooling

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or so we made into a passive telescope

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and so the this Sun shield as as John

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just mentioned is basically that it's a

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it's a it's something that produces a

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very very peculiar and very predictable

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shade in which the scope and all its

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electronics set okay so Kelly has a nice

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image of it up now what's it made of

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John is made of a plastic called captain

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the individual layers the top four

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layers that you can see are one

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thousandth of an inch thick and the

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bottom layer is two thousandth of an

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inch thick if you speak metric that's 25

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microns and 50 microns roughly the size

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of a width of a hair and the coatings

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that you see here are aluminum and the

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bottoms of layers one and two are coated

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with the element silicon so they're very

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very thin they're much thinner than the

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snack bag that you ate your potato chips

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out of at lunch but it's a very similar

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kind of material so guys I'm sleeve it

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already how do you know I ate chips at

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lunch

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yes it's an advanced telescope Scott it

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really is so presumably this stuff is

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also very well you're very lightweight

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correct I mean yes it's extremely

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lightweight are you worried at all about

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ripping or tearing once it's I mean how

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strong is this stuff Lizzie we do stress

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test it on the ground to make sure that

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it's been made properly

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there are ripstop features so that if a

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rip does occur it doesn't propagate

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across the entire sun shield and we've

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also had tested it in the laboratory for

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micrometeorite

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to understand how that affects the

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mechanical integrity so you know we have

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thought about it in the design we we

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worry about it to the point where we

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mitigate that concern inside the design

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I may be way off here and forget I'm

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certain you'll correct me if I'm wrong

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but the captain is that the same stuff

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they used in the around the Apollo

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module or the lunar modules or is that

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something else this is very commonly

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used insulation material so this is

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pretty old stuff and I mean it's been

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around a while as far as the technology

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of the material the materials

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okay you mentioned micrometeorites how

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well didn't you tested it against that

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how how do they do I mean are they gonna

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they're gonna stand up let's see the

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micrometeorites will penetrate the sun

272
00:12:02,550 --> 00:11:59,279
shield those those expected values with

273
00:12:07,680 --> 00:12:02,560
considerable conservatism is part of the

274
00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:07,690
budget so for the properties that define

275
00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:11,290
how well is sun shield works we

276
00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:14,290
calculate a budget if you will and all

277
00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:15,670
of the things that degrade those

278
00:12:22,020 --> 00:12:18,370
properties one of those is homes from

279
00:12:23,850 --> 00:12:22,030
micrometeorites that's in our budget so

280
00:12:27,270 --> 00:12:23,860
we have convinced ourselves that even

281
00:12:30,870 --> 00:12:27,280
with what do you mean budget though it's

282
00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:30,880
just like the allowable yes we have to

283
00:12:37,730 --> 00:12:34,330
have a certain amount of reflectivity

284
00:12:40,740 --> 00:12:37,740
and we're allowed a certain amount of

285
00:12:42,900 --> 00:12:40,750
transmission from one layer to the next

286
00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:42,910
if we have a hole in it say from

287
00:12:49,620 --> 00:12:45,370
micrometeorite that increases the

288
00:12:52,500 --> 00:12:49,630
transmission so we analyze for the

289
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:52,510
thermal performance given a certain set

290
00:12:58,890 --> 00:12:54,720
of material properties reflectance

291
00:13:01,949 --> 00:12:58,900
absorptance transmissions emissivity etc

292
00:13:05,010 --> 00:13:01,959
and we degrade these by introducing the

293
00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:05,020
effects of the holes contamination and

294
00:13:10,980 --> 00:13:08,170
other things and convince ourselves at

295
00:13:15,210 --> 00:13:10,990
the end of life we meet our requirements

296
00:13:17,579 --> 00:13:15,220
so that's how understanding go ahead

297
00:13:18,990 --> 00:13:17,589
Alberto no I would say this also goes to

298
00:13:22,260 --> 00:13:19,000
the fact that you know people

299
00:13:23,690 --> 00:13:22,270
asked why five layers are not 35 you

300
00:13:27,660 --> 00:13:23,700
read my mind

301
00:13:29,490 --> 00:13:27,670
that's what we do here yes so but they

302
00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:29,500
should know the issue is as John just

303
00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:32,080
mentioned you know and you know in order

304
00:13:35,460 --> 00:13:33,970
to satisfy those science requirements

305
00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:35,470
you have to model you know how your

306
00:13:40,430 --> 00:13:38,050
spacecraft behaves and so five layers is

307
00:13:43,650 --> 00:13:40,440
a compromise on you know in terms of

308
00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:43,660
being able to match those those those

309
00:13:47,850 --> 00:13:44,890
requirements the other thing that we

310
00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:47,860
should mention is that it you know the

311
00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:50,650
the sunshade this star the part of the

312
00:13:54,210 --> 00:13:52,480
essential that faces the Sun is going to

313
00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:54,220
get extremely hot so this is tremendous

314
00:13:58,980 --> 00:13:56,410
gradient that goes from the hot side to

315
00:14:02,400 --> 00:13:58,990
the cold side of Abajo door 600 degrees

316
00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:02,410
or so and what can what gets Kotter

317
00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:04,240
Kelly can one of you put up an image

318
00:14:12,390 --> 00:14:07,090
showing these layers so we can have it

319
00:14:13,890 --> 00:14:12,400
up while he's talking yeah just one from

320
00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:13,900
it when viewed from the side or

321
00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:20,070
also I'm saying is you know so it this

322
00:14:24,300 --> 00:14:22,330
is part of whatever it really means to

323
00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:24,310
to build a spacecraft and Observatory

324
00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:25,810
this complex which is you have to do

325
00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:28,240
extremely sophisticated model II to

326
00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:30,610
understand not only in the environment

327
00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:32,050
that the telescope would be in in terms

328
00:14:35,790 --> 00:14:34,000
of temperature for example but the

329
00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:35,800
environment in terms on micrometeorites

330
00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:37,810
and we have a lot of telescopes and a

331
00:14:41,579 --> 00:14:39,250
lot of spacecrafts that have been

332
00:14:42,960 --> 00:14:41,589
orbiting l2 for some time so we we

333
00:14:44,430 --> 00:14:42,970
started to understand that environment

334
00:14:46,260 --> 00:14:44,440
better and better and so our models get

335
00:14:48,510 --> 00:14:46,270
better and better but as John mentioned

336
00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:48,520
you know that all these five layers are

337
00:14:53,280 --> 00:14:51,370
so the minimum innum um required to

338
00:14:56,010 --> 00:14:53,290
satisfy those those requirement take

339
00:15:00,270 --> 00:14:56,020
into account you know for the fact that

340
00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:00,280
we will be struck by micrometeorites we

341
00:15:06,930 --> 00:15:04,320
will have you know a certain amount of

342
00:15:09,480 --> 00:15:06,940
quite a bit of heat you know on the on

343
00:15:12,020 --> 00:15:09,490
the on the on the front layer if you

344
00:15:15,230 --> 00:15:12,030
will wonder faces the Sun and how they

345
00:15:17,460 --> 00:15:15,240
heat dissipates so it's a very complex

346
00:15:19,890 --> 00:15:17,470
set of requirements that you have to

347
00:15:21,450 --> 00:15:19,900
fold into a complex modelling that you

348
00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:21,460
have to do and I think the team and John

349
00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:23,440
and this couple with a scientist which

350
00:15:27,329 --> 00:15:25,810
are perhaps the users at the end you

351
00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:27,339
know those that are actually requiring

352
00:15:31,560 --> 00:15:29,530
what it is good enough for me to do my

353
00:15:32,809 --> 00:15:31,570
science are collaborating on a daily

354
00:15:34,519 --> 00:15:32,819
basis to actually make sure

355
00:15:36,469 --> 00:15:34,529
you do satisfy those requirements and

356
00:15:39,079 --> 00:15:36,479
that's why I think the test that we're

357
00:15:39,949 --> 00:15:39,089
going to show in a few minutes is was

358
00:15:41,989 --> 00:15:39,959
critical for this

359
00:15:44,869 --> 00:15:41,999
okay so I've heard this thing called a

360
00:15:48,859 --> 00:15:44,879
big giant radiator where the each of the

361
00:15:50,150 --> 00:15:48,869
five layers actually do a can you

362
00:15:52,069 --> 00:15:50,160
describe what they mean by that John

363
00:15:53,389 --> 00:15:52,079
what is it you know what it why the five

364
00:15:57,499 --> 00:15:53,399
layers and what does it do you think

365
00:16:00,049 --> 00:15:57,509
dissipation so what happens is the

366
00:16:03,319 --> 00:16:00,059
sunlight strikes the first layer the

367
00:16:05,929 --> 00:16:03,329
closest to the Sun layer one a lot of

368
00:16:09,199 --> 00:16:05,939
that heat is reflected some of it is

369
00:16:12,139 --> 00:16:09,209
absorbed and its remit addictions both

370
00:16:14,869 --> 00:16:12,149
up the stack and back at the Sun just

371
00:16:19,489 --> 00:16:14,879
about has a nice picture up now yeah and

372
00:16:22,189 --> 00:16:19,499
that he that now is leaving layer one

373
00:16:25,129 --> 00:16:22,199
and going to see layer two most of that

374
00:16:26,869 --> 00:16:25,139
gets reflected and that what you can't

375
00:16:30,019 --> 00:16:26,879
see in these pictures because it's hard

376
00:16:32,629 --> 00:16:30,029
to see is there's a very small opening

377
00:16:36,679 --> 00:16:32,639
angle so that so that the layers

378
00:16:40,129 --> 00:16:36,689
actually form tiny V's allowing the

379
00:16:43,039 --> 00:16:40,139
reflected heat to essentially walk out

380
00:16:46,999 --> 00:16:43,049
or reflect out and exit through space

381
00:16:49,129 --> 00:16:47,009
and with every successive layer most of

382
00:16:52,009 --> 00:16:49,139
the incident radiation is reflected a

383
00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:52,019
tiny fraction is absorbed and with each

384
00:16:59,029 --> 00:16:54,959
layer the temperature goes down starting

385
00:17:00,949 --> 00:16:59,039
as Alberto said at about 90 Celsius

386
00:17:03,499 --> 00:17:00,959
almost the temperature of boiling water

387
00:17:06,350 --> 00:17:03,509
and when we get to the top it's almost

388
00:17:09,499 --> 00:17:06,360
the temperature that's cold enough to

389
00:17:11,389 --> 00:17:09,509
liquefy nitrogen so that's that spot

390
00:17:13,519 --> 00:17:11,399
where the in the image that Scott is

391
00:17:16,850 --> 00:17:13,529
showing where these guys are currently

392
00:17:18,829 --> 00:17:16,860
standing is that the coldest spot that

393
00:17:27,189 --> 00:17:18,839
should actually in the center believe it

394
00:17:31,249 --> 00:17:29,119
those guys are standing that's the

395
00:17:43,009 --> 00:17:31,259
warmest spot that tells me yes because

396
00:17:45,169 --> 00:17:43,019
the spacecraft is underneath it okay the

397
00:17:46,580 --> 00:17:45,179
tower the cables everything that

398
00:17:48,860 --> 00:17:46,590
connects the hot side to the cold

399
00:17:51,470 --> 00:17:48,870
side comes through the sunshield at that

400
00:17:53,810 --> 00:17:51,480
position and we call that the core and

401
00:17:55,460 --> 00:17:53,820
the core is the warmest part of the

402
00:17:57,919 --> 00:17:55,470
sunshield got it

403
00:17:59,120 --> 00:17:57,929
okay dr. Martin clapping I want to get

404
00:18:01,010 --> 00:17:59,130
you into this real quick I want to ask

405
00:18:03,140 --> 00:18:01,020
you why can you tell us a little bit

406
00:18:05,930 --> 00:18:03,150
about why this thing needs to be so cold

407
00:18:08,810 --> 00:18:05,940
what is the reason for getting getting

408
00:18:10,580 --> 00:18:08,820
the temperature down so low well the

409
00:18:13,340 --> 00:18:10,590
reason is because this is an infrared

410
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:13,350
telescope and infrared as we all know is

411
00:18:19,279 --> 00:18:17,010
heat radiation and the science goes to

412
00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:19,289
this telescope to span a broad range of

413
00:18:25,340 --> 00:18:22,850
infrared astronomy ranging from looking

414
00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:25,350
trying to take images of the very first

415
00:18:30,860 --> 00:18:28,320
galaxies that formed in the universe to

416
00:18:33,289 --> 00:18:30,870
understanding the nature of the

417
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:33,299
atmospheres of exoplanets so we have a

418
00:18:38,690 --> 00:18:35,610
broad range of science that requires

419
00:18:41,779 --> 00:18:38,700
very high positions infrared

420
00:18:44,539 --> 00:18:41,789
measurements and if we're to do that

421
00:18:46,519 --> 00:18:44,549
then we need to cool the telescope so

422
00:18:48,769 --> 00:18:46,529
that we're actually imaging the sources

423
00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:48,779
in the universe that he wants to study

424
00:18:53,269 --> 00:18:51,330
and not just looking at a big thermal

425
00:18:55,909 --> 00:18:53,279
background caused by the telescope

426
00:19:00,110 --> 00:18:55,919
itself the way you do that is you get

427
00:19:02,779 --> 00:19:00,120
your telescope instrument temperature so

428
00:19:04,580 --> 00:19:02,789
that you're able to essentially image

429
00:19:06,620 --> 00:19:04,590
the infrared radiation coming from the

430
00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:06,630
universe and not as boring thermal

431
00:19:11,990 --> 00:19:09,090
signature so we're calling the

432
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:12,000
telescopes and the instruments to

433
00:19:17,930 --> 00:19:15,120
something like 40 Kelvin which is 40

434
00:19:20,299 --> 00:19:17,940
degrees above absolute zero and that's

435
00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:20,309
the reason we need the Sun shield now

436
00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:22,710
all of the infrared telescopes we've

437
00:19:27,919 --> 00:19:25,760
flown up to now have relied on

438
00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:27,929
essentially a big dustbin of liquid

439
00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:30,450
helium to keep them cold and that's fine

440
00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:32,850
but as as you go through the life in the

441
00:19:38,149 --> 00:19:35,730
mission that helium burns out so you end

442
00:19:40,220 --> 00:19:38,159
up with a red or to be near short

443
00:19:42,830 --> 00:19:40,230
lifetime for your mission a couple years

444
00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:42,840
and that helium is burnt up and you no

445
00:19:48,260 --> 00:19:45,330
longer have a telescope it's very

446
00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:48,270
exciting we met that sort of happened to

447
00:19:52,490 --> 00:19:50,610
Spitzer right that has happened to

448
00:19:54,799 --> 00:19:52,500
Spencer and Spitz around now in what's

449
00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:54,809
called its war mission phase it happened

450
00:19:58,549 --> 00:19:56,850
to Herschel so both of these oceans

451
00:20:00,000 --> 00:19:58,559
reach the end of their specified

452
00:20:02,210 --> 00:20:00,010
lifetime and

453
00:20:04,680 --> 00:20:02,220
you know ran out of hide sorry helium

454
00:20:06,900 --> 00:20:04,690
the what we're doing here is we're using

455
00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:06,910
the Sun shield to do what we call

456
00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:09,460
passive cooling that means that we can

457
00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:12,250
operate JWST is that facility

458
00:20:18,750 --> 00:20:15,970
Observatory totally for up to 10 year

459
00:20:21,270 --> 00:20:18,760
lifetime and be able to do some infrared

460
00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:21,280
science so that's why we have the Sun

461
00:20:26,970 --> 00:20:24,400
shield we have some real challenges

462
00:20:29,130 --> 00:20:26,980
trying to do this science so to in for

463
00:20:31,110 --> 00:20:29,140
instance to image the you know very

464
00:20:33,180 --> 00:20:31,120
first galaxies that formed in universe

465
00:20:35,910 --> 00:20:33,190
we need a very large mirror which is why

466
00:20:37,980 --> 00:20:35,920
today wsd provides you need to gather

467
00:20:41,010 --> 00:20:37,990
image in the infrared because most of

468
00:20:43,110 --> 00:20:41,020
the light from these objects is Doppler

469
00:20:45,540 --> 00:20:43,120
shifted into the infrared part of the

470
00:20:48,540 --> 00:20:45,550
electromagnetic spectrum and we also

471
00:20:51,180 --> 00:20:48,550
need angular resolution and so we go to

472
00:20:53,130 --> 00:20:51,190
very large cryogenic telescope and that

473
00:20:55,500 --> 00:20:53,140
allows us to do this identifiers

474
00:20:57,660 --> 00:20:55,510
great alright thank you very much so

475
00:21:01,460 --> 00:20:57,670
let's get to the test before too much

476
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:01,470
time goes by so last summer you guys

477
00:21:08,700 --> 00:21:04,810
Alberto and Jonathan you uh you guys

478
00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:08,710
pulled this thing out huh you guys so

479
00:21:13,410 --> 00:21:11,530
describe the test to us what where this

480
00:21:14,730 --> 00:21:13,420
is their actual now this is the actual

481
00:21:18,300 --> 00:21:14,740
Sun shield this is the one that's going

482
00:21:20,070 --> 00:21:18,310
up into space this is not it this is not

483
00:21:25,470 --> 00:21:20,080
it this is a this is a development

484
00:21:27,930 --> 00:21:25,480
article okay it's so it's typical of how

485
00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:27,940
we build these things we build test

486
00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:30,880
articles and engineering models and as

487
00:21:36,090 --> 00:21:33,310
we gradually increase our knowledge and

488
00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:36,100
we're sure how the system is going to

489
00:21:42,990 --> 00:21:38,530
behave then we begin to experiment on

490
00:21:45,990 --> 00:21:43,000
the flight hardware very gently so that

491
00:21:52,170 --> 00:21:46,000
we're sure that it's it's not been loved

492
00:21:53,850 --> 00:21:52,180
to death if you will on the ground sorry

493
00:22:00,000 --> 00:21:53,860
your telescope working it's been lovely

494
00:22:02,430 --> 00:22:00,010
too much and so these membranes serve

495
00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:02,440
many purposes in the development of the

496
00:22:07,940 --> 00:22:05,490
Sun shield their first purpose was to

497
00:22:11,730 --> 00:22:07,950
essentially pathfinding to prove out the

498
00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:11,740
manufacturing processes I happen to be

499
00:22:17,910 --> 00:22:13,930
sitting in Huntsville Alabama

500
00:22:19,890 --> 00:22:17,920
at the membrane manufacturers today for

501
00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:19,900
a meeting on another subject

502
00:22:26,340 --> 00:22:23,440
Jayda BST related but these membranes

503
00:22:27,930 --> 00:22:26,350
were made to start the pathfinding

504
00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:27,940
process to prove that we can manufacture

505
00:22:36,710 --> 00:22:31,900
them and then we also learned how to

506
00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:36,720
handle fold and stow them and ultimately

507
00:22:43,890 --> 00:22:39,510
when they were secured for launch

508
00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:43,900
release the locks and prove that they

509
00:22:52,770 --> 00:22:49,330
would unfold without snagging on

510
00:22:55,310 --> 00:22:52,780
anything at the unit so previously

511
00:22:58,530 --> 00:22:55,320
single layers had been deployed

512
00:23:01,590 --> 00:22:58,540
different pieces the core the various

513
00:23:06,180 --> 00:23:01,600
folding had been tested and so this was

514
00:23:08,790 --> 00:23:06,190
a little bit like a symphony where each

515
00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:08,800
of the different pieces was a section of

516
00:23:13,919 --> 00:23:10,960
the orchestra and we finally got the

517
00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:13,929
band all together to to play that that

518
00:23:17,610 --> 00:23:15,730
one symphony which was the deployment

519
00:23:19,290 --> 00:23:17,620
okay yeah you we got you guys have sent

520
00:23:21,930 --> 00:23:19,300
us some really nice time lapses Kelly if

521
00:23:24,120 --> 00:23:21,940
you can show us those going on of the

522
00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:24,130
actual test itself now you brought up an

523
00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:25,690
interesting point with this not being

524
00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:28,510
the actual deployment heat shield that

525
00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:31,570
will be deployed not this video Kelly

526
00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:38,710
sorry no such challenge although she

527
00:23:50,669 --> 00:23:46,530
goes sorry I've got it up on my girl

528
00:23:52,049 --> 00:23:50,679
okay so these yes I I see people

529
00:23:54,049 --> 00:23:52,059
physically pulling them out describe

530
00:23:59,610 --> 00:23:54,059
what we're looking at now Jonathan's so

531
00:24:03,120 --> 00:23:59,620
what you're seeing is the deployment of

532
00:24:06,419 --> 00:24:03,130
the Sun shield the mainly the mid booms

533
00:24:09,030 --> 00:24:06,429
pressing out and what you're seeing now

534
00:24:11,250 --> 00:24:09,040
is the tensioning of the individual

535
00:24:14,010 --> 00:24:11,260
membranes the reeling in of the cables

536
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:14,020
that pull them from their initial

537
00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:16,570
position on deployment to their final

538
00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:18,670
position that is pulling them into those

539
00:24:21,830 --> 00:24:20,650
these that I told you about earlier

540
00:24:25,130 --> 00:24:21,840
right

541
00:24:27,919 --> 00:24:25,140
and that's are an absolutely necessary

542
00:24:33,659 --> 00:24:27,929
part of getting the Sun shield

543
00:24:36,990 --> 00:24:33,669
so the main objective of this test was

544
00:24:40,529 --> 00:24:37,000
to prove to ourselves that we know how

545
00:24:43,049 --> 00:24:40,539
to secure the membranes for launch and

546
00:24:45,180 --> 00:24:43,059
that once they're in that position that

547
00:24:49,110 --> 00:24:45,190
they will unfold without snagging and

548
00:24:50,460 --> 00:24:49,120
assume the correct final positions okay

549
00:24:52,019 --> 00:24:50,470
I'm seeing a lot of people doing a lot

550
00:24:58,139 --> 00:24:52,029
of pulling presumably they won't be out

551
00:25:05,279 --> 00:24:58,149
there I totally want to be one of those

552
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:05,289
people that go out here here you go what

553
00:25:12,180 --> 00:25:09,010
you see actually there were were really

554
00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:12,190
13 principle people seven engineers

555
00:25:16,980 --> 00:25:14,890
technicians or vice versa that were

556
00:25:19,820 --> 00:25:16,990
really responsible for that test and

557
00:25:24,090 --> 00:25:19,830
because it was such an interesting and

558
00:25:28,430 --> 00:25:24,100
importantly test there were a few times

559
00:25:32,909 --> 00:25:28,440
more people that wanted to get real-time

560
00:25:35,070 --> 00:25:32,919
so they got to that lucky 13 got to do a

561
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:35,080
very important job in front of maybe a

562
00:25:42,090 --> 00:25:37,679
hundred onlookers and so there were

563
00:25:45,450 --> 00:25:42,100
video crews myself Marc Alberto and any

564
00:25:48,060 --> 00:25:45,460
number of people that were interested

565
00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:48,070
but not specifically assigned to the

566
00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:50,610
test team that's why it looks like

567
00:25:55,380 --> 00:25:53,110
there's an awful lot of people around it

568
00:25:57,990 --> 00:25:55,390
because quite frankly there are a lot of

569
00:26:00,810 --> 00:25:58,000
people around it so this test taught you

570
00:26:02,730 --> 00:26:00,820
that you know how to fold them properly

571
00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:02,740
for launch and that they will in fact

572
00:26:10,169 --> 00:26:06,730
unfold properly once they're ready to be

573
00:26:12,090 --> 00:26:10,179
deployed yes anything else anything else

574
00:26:13,769 --> 00:26:12,100
that you learned that you maybe you

575
00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:13,779
hadn't expected or were there any

576
00:26:17,519 --> 00:26:14,440
surprises

577
00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:17,529
let's see actually it went amazingly

578
00:26:23,850 --> 00:26:21,130
smoothly it's testimony to the many

579
00:26:25,680 --> 00:26:23,860
hundreds of man years that the team

580
00:26:30,539 --> 00:26:25,690
sunshield has put in to get ready for

581
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:30,549
this point you know some of the things

582
00:26:35,519 --> 00:26:33,010
and Mark and I are particularly

583
00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:35,529
interested in was the behavior of

584
00:26:43,110 --> 00:26:40,870
membranes at the edges there actually

585
00:26:46,740 --> 00:26:43,120
you know very elegant behavior if you

586
00:26:49,230 --> 00:26:46,750
stand at the right point you can see all

587
00:26:52,710 --> 00:26:49,240
the way to the core indicating that the

588
00:26:55,710 --> 00:26:52,720
heat can easily exit the stack on orbit

589
00:26:57,210 --> 00:26:55,720
so I think all the surprises at least

590
00:27:00,750 --> 00:26:57,220
that I got personally were all quite

591
00:27:02,250 --> 00:27:00,760
good out of the test how about you

592
00:27:04,260 --> 00:27:02,260
Alberto were you were you pleasantly

593
00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:04,270
were you happy with the result I was

594
00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:05,770
actually it was very very surprised it

595
00:27:10,799 --> 00:27:07,450
was the first time again we did all five

596
00:27:15,299 --> 00:27:10,809
layers as John mentioned and he was a

597
00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:15,309
very complex sort of routine you know

598
00:27:20,130 --> 00:27:17,770
falling you know falling back to the I'm

599
00:27:22,590 --> 00:27:20,140
going back to the to the orchestra

600
00:27:24,660 --> 00:27:22,600
example that John brought up it was a

601
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:24,670
very very nice liam well choreographed

602
00:27:28,350 --> 00:27:26,890
event that actually took place very well

603
00:27:29,730 --> 00:27:28,360
but the thing I wanted to mention is

604
00:27:31,799 --> 00:27:29,740
that we learned that they we know how to

605
00:27:34,020 --> 00:27:31,809
fold that we know how to unfold them and

606
00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:34,030
they unfold unfold without breaking

607
00:27:38,460 --> 00:27:36,910
without tearing without snagging or

608
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:38,470
anything but it the same thing at the

609
00:27:42,570 --> 00:27:41,170
same time it's critical that at the end

610
00:27:44,490 --> 00:27:42,580
with the attention properly they

611
00:27:46,710 --> 00:27:44,500
maintain the shape that gives us the

612
00:27:48,210 --> 00:27:46,720
property that we want for the task up to

613
00:27:50,340 --> 00:27:48,220
operate and I think that was also a key

614
00:27:52,470 --> 00:27:50,350
part of the test and actually that went

615
00:27:54,540 --> 00:27:52,480
that weren't remarkably well as well

616
00:27:58,950 --> 00:27:54,550
mark clamping you have any comments on

617
00:28:01,830 --> 00:27:58,960
the test yeah I was like John very happy

618
00:28:05,460 --> 00:28:01,840
and very pleased at that it if executed

619
00:28:08,730 --> 00:28:05,470
with in a very few sort of very minor

620
00:28:10,260 --> 00:28:08,740
hiccups everything went as planned we

621
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:10,270
were very happy with the way it worked

622
00:28:15,870 --> 00:28:14,410
and as you've already heard this is just

623
00:28:18,330 --> 00:28:15,880
that you know the first step in a

624
00:28:22,169 --> 00:28:18,340
sequence of these tests is we you know

625
00:28:24,270 --> 00:28:22,179
add complexity to the deployment test to

626
00:28:25,980 --> 00:28:24,280
get to the simulation of what it's

627
00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:25,990
actually going to be like when we do the

628
00:28:30,120 --> 00:28:27,510
on-orbit

629
00:28:32,130 --> 00:28:30,130
deployment so when you start up this

630
00:28:33,750 --> 00:28:32,140
well with the first step going so well

631
00:28:35,490 --> 00:28:33,760
it's always good to know that you're

632
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:35,500
going to be able to move forward through

633
00:28:40,350 --> 00:28:37,510
the rest of your test sequences later on

634
00:28:42,570 --> 00:28:40,360
in the year without too much problem so

635
00:28:45,780 --> 00:28:42,580
yeah I was I was very happy with the way

636
00:28:47,220 --> 00:28:45,790
it executed I know that we know that the

637
00:28:49,650 --> 00:28:47,230
answer to the question of how many

638
00:28:53,460 --> 00:28:49,660
aerospace engineers does it take to do

639
00:28:54,510 --> 00:28:53,470
space origami this is a 13 and may be

640
00:28:55,890 --> 00:28:54,520
parts

641
00:28:58,140 --> 00:28:55,900
that questions finally been answered

642
00:29:00,570 --> 00:28:58,150
I've been wondering that for a long time

643
00:29:03,450 --> 00:29:00,580
thirteen folks were the ones that

644
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:03,460
actually were responsible for the

645
00:29:09,180 --> 00:29:06,370
execution of the test team sunshield was

646
00:29:11,250 --> 00:29:09,190
considerably larger so I would answer

647
00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:11,260
that the number of engineers it takes

648
00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:17,650
two to do origami as all of them so

649
00:29:20,970 --> 00:29:18,610
actually I want to mention something

650
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:20,980
else that perhaps some of the viewers

651
00:29:26,310 --> 00:29:24,610
that saw the deployment of the test my

652
00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:26,320
wonder you know it's like okay so you're

653
00:29:30,090 --> 00:29:27,910
testing this on the ground

654
00:29:31,650 --> 00:29:30,100
nevermind the hundreds of people are

655
00:29:33,270 --> 00:29:31,660
going around at 13 Engineers are

656
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:33,280
physically executing for the for the

657
00:29:38,250 --> 00:29:36,010
much larger team but wait a second you

658
00:29:41,190 --> 00:29:38,260
know this is in gravity so how do you

659
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:41,200
compensate for the effect of gravity on

660
00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:43,210
on planet earth when you're not gonna

661
00:29:48,270 --> 00:29:46,720
have any gravity on you know in orbit as

662
00:29:50,100 --> 00:29:48,280
you deploy and that's a key question

663
00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:50,110
because it takes some moments it took

664
00:29:55,020 --> 00:29:52,690
some thought yes it took some thought

665
00:29:57,750 --> 00:29:55,030
the reason that you see those large

666
00:30:00,570 --> 00:29:57,760
pieces of plastic underneath the

667
00:30:03,030 --> 00:30:00,580
membranes is essentially a first-order

668
00:30:06,830 --> 00:30:03,040
simulation of where the membranes will

669
00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:06,840
be in flight if you didn't have those

670
00:30:15,630 --> 00:30:10,930
plastic sheets there it would droop and

671
00:30:19,020 --> 00:30:15,640
perhaps giving us a false problem but

672
00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:19,030
you also don't see is the many hours and

673
00:30:25,020 --> 00:30:21,190
hours of analysis the reason I said all

674
00:30:27,540 --> 00:30:25,030
of them is because basically every

675
00:30:31,710 --> 00:30:27,550
aspect of the sunshield and indeed the

676
00:30:33,540 --> 00:30:31,720
observatory is is watched over by by

677
00:30:35,910 --> 00:30:33,550
teams of engineers that are assigned to

678
00:30:38,610 --> 00:30:35,920
each aspect all of them have to work

679
00:30:41,730 --> 00:30:38,620
together for the team to be successful

680
00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:41,740
so my my good comment of all of them

681
00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:47,770
actually I meant all of them but you

682
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:51,850
know we also have looked at and have run

683
00:30:58,410 --> 00:30:55,090
tests in the very same room to convince

684
00:31:00,930 --> 00:30:58,420
ourselves that in zero-g when the when

685
00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:00,940
the membranes will billow up they also

686
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:04,000
don't run into the telescope or other

687
00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:06,250
structure that wasn't included in this

688
00:31:09,780 --> 00:31:08,260
test so

689
00:31:11,640 --> 00:31:09,790
we try to think through very very

690
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:11,650
carefully you know what are the

691
00:31:16,170 --> 00:31:12,970
differences between our test environment

692
00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:16,180
our deployment environment do our test

693
00:31:22,050 --> 00:31:20,440
conditions do our analysis cover it it

694
00:31:27,450 --> 00:31:22,060
can be quite an involved set of

695
00:31:30,300 --> 00:31:27,460
questions we have pretty clever and

696
00:31:33,300 --> 00:31:30,310
experienced customers that that also

697
00:31:38,580 --> 00:31:33,310
review our review our analysis which

698
00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:38,590
makes it challenging good well I'm sure

699
00:31:42,390 --> 00:31:40,330
this is the first of many tests and

700
00:31:43,980 --> 00:31:42,400
Alberto brought up a a good good

701
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:43,990
question and I wanted to ask about this

702
00:31:48,150 --> 00:31:46,450
so you're right we have gravity on earth

703
00:31:50,430 --> 00:31:48,160
you're testing on earth you're going to

704
00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:50,440
be you will be performing tests in the

705
00:31:54,420 --> 00:31:52,120
future that sort of compensate for this

706
00:31:56,790 --> 00:31:54,430
right and right oh yeah and how will you

707
00:31:58,620 --> 00:31:56,800
do that let's see we do it lots of

708
00:32:03,090 --> 00:31:58,630
different ways maybe now's a good chance

709
00:32:06,210 --> 00:32:03,100
to show the secondary error video ok

710
00:32:08,280 --> 00:32:06,220
Kelly before yeah because we have the

711
00:32:09,750 --> 00:32:08,290
same issues there and Jon I want to talk

712
00:32:13,500 --> 00:32:09,760
about that as well yeah there's a really

713
00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:13,510
good example what you're looking at here

714
00:32:20,990 --> 00:32:16,320
is you're looking down from the top and

715
00:32:25,110 --> 00:32:21,000
as you see the mirrored mirror

716
00:32:27,450 --> 00:32:25,120
structure the tripod itself deploy it's

717
00:32:30,150 --> 00:32:27,460
being deployed by the by the engineering

718
00:32:33,060 --> 00:32:30,160
model of the motor that will do it in

719
00:32:36,470 --> 00:32:33,070
flight and if we can hold it right let's

720
00:32:43,380 --> 00:32:36,480
see let's go back end of the video I

721
00:32:45,210 --> 00:32:43,390
want to show you what one item here go

722
00:32:48,110 --> 00:32:45,220
to the end of the video yeah go to the

723
00:32:50,850 --> 00:32:48,120
end of the video and hold that Kelly I

724
00:32:53,340 --> 00:32:50,860
know we're asking a lot here yeah this

725
00:32:54,540 --> 00:32:53,350
is pretty hard yeah I see all the people

726
00:32:55,830 --> 00:32:54,550
that were in the Sun shield they're

727
00:32:58,080 --> 00:32:55,840
still in there right they're gonna be

728
00:33:00,980 --> 00:32:58,090
all out there helping out yeah

729
00:33:00,990 --> 00:33:13,130
ok whether it's rather it's resolved the

730
00:33:20,499 --> 00:33:16,740
yeah the secondary mirror mount that you

731
00:33:23,819 --> 00:33:20,509
see ok right there

732
00:33:27,479 --> 00:33:23,829
keep keep going it's right at the end

733
00:33:33,999 --> 00:33:31,719
it's actually quite hard to see but

734
00:33:36,519 --> 00:33:34,009
there's actually a table at the end of

735
00:33:42,669 --> 00:33:36,529
the tripod where the secondary mirror

736
00:33:46,509 --> 00:33:42,679
will be and what let see stop it right

737
00:33:51,489 --> 00:33:46,519
there there you go so if you look on the

738
00:33:54,969 --> 00:33:51,499
top actually one little if you look very

739
00:33:56,409 --> 00:33:54,979
carefully at the secondary mirror mount

740
00:33:58,779 --> 00:33:56,419
that the idea of the structure that

741
00:34:02,739 --> 00:33:58,789
holds the mirror you'll see a cable

742
00:34:07,329 --> 00:34:02,749
assembly that's pulling up and I filling

743
00:34:10,169 --> 00:34:07,339
up with the weight of the tripod to

744
00:34:13,990 --> 00:34:10,179
essentially make the tripod weightless

745
00:34:16,779 --> 00:34:14,000
to prove that the motor can drive it in

746
00:34:21,690 --> 00:34:16,789
space okay so you got cable so this is a

747
00:34:24,940 --> 00:34:21,700
very concrete example of offloading and

748
00:34:28,349 --> 00:34:24,950
how we do that and perform the test and

749
00:34:31,059 --> 00:34:28,359
not make the test too easy or too hard

750
00:34:34,240 --> 00:34:31,069
is one of the engineering challenges

751
00:34:36,159 --> 00:34:34,250
faced by the deployment team well

752
00:34:37,809 --> 00:34:36,169
Alberto I have a suggestion for you to

753
00:34:39,309 --> 00:34:37,819
put in your innovation group instead of

754
00:34:42,210 --> 00:34:39,319
using cables and pulleys to simulate

755
00:34:45,039 --> 00:34:42,220
anti-gravity make an antigravity machine

756
00:34:47,049 --> 00:34:45,049
we're working on a and and so that we

757
00:34:53,249 --> 00:34:47,059
could just cancel out all gravity on in

758
00:34:55,659 --> 00:34:53,259
the in the surrounding area technology

759
00:35:00,880 --> 00:34:55,669
calling the elevator just cut the cables

760
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:00,890
we got those thank you gravity then

761
00:35:04,749 --> 00:35:02,450
we've already figured out dark matter at

762
00:35:12,730 --> 00:35:04,759
that point so we can just get it all

763
00:35:15,009 --> 00:35:12,740
done in one fell swoop so you can see as

764
00:35:17,410 --> 00:35:15,019
we do these different tests you can take

765
00:35:20,380 --> 00:35:17,420
that video we saw at the beginning sort

766
00:35:22,779 --> 00:35:20,390
of cartoon you magic of the deployment

767
00:35:24,670 --> 00:35:22,789
the animation it slowly testing each of

768
00:35:27,009 --> 00:35:24,680
those pieces so that the time we fly

769
00:35:28,930 --> 00:35:27,019
will have done all of these tests on the

770
00:35:32,109 --> 00:35:28,940
ground multiple times and negatives

771
00:35:33,910 --> 00:35:32,119
confident so there it says well execute

772
00:35:34,270 --> 00:35:33,920
once you're on orbit that's a great

773
00:35:35,530 --> 00:35:34,280
point

774
00:35:37,510 --> 00:35:35,540
glad you brought this up because Alberto

775
00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:37,520
and I talked to I believe it was Scott

776
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:38,930
Willoughby back in the double-a s last

777
00:35:45,430 --> 00:35:41,200
January and he gave us some really good

778
00:35:47,290 --> 00:35:45,440
insight into how hardware becomes space

779
00:35:50,020 --> 00:35:47,300
qualified it can you give us some idea

780
00:35:51,820 --> 00:35:50,030
of what that means I mean I mean we've

781
00:35:54,580 --> 00:35:51,830
Johnathan's talked touched on this a

782
00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:54,590
little bit we build this one sort of

783
00:35:58,750 --> 00:35:56,090
market it's on a mock-up but it's a

784
00:36:00,220 --> 00:35:58,760
version of the dislike lineman hinge

785
00:36:04,060 --> 00:36:00,230
feel but it's not the one that's gonna

786
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:04,070
fly give us some sense of how this stuff

787
00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:09,260
is is tested on the way to space so in

788
00:36:14,470 --> 00:36:12,170
order to go to space the every piece of

789
00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:14,480
hardware has to be able to survive the

790
00:36:18,580 --> 00:36:16,640
environment in which it will be working

791
00:36:20,710 --> 00:36:18,590
in once it's in space and the

792
00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:20,720
environment that it will see during

793
00:36:27,400 --> 00:36:24,470
launch as it goes into space so just

794
00:36:30,010 --> 00:36:27,410
take an example the hole with JWST once

795
00:36:32,290 --> 00:36:30,020
it's been stowed will have to go through

796
00:36:34,110 --> 00:36:32,300
an environmental testing which means

797
00:36:37,660 --> 00:36:34,120
that we will put it on a shaker table

798
00:36:40,780 --> 00:36:37,670
simulate launch all of the materials

799
00:36:43,230 --> 00:36:40,790
that go into JWST of had to be tested

800
00:36:45,730 --> 00:36:43,240
and verified or validated that they can

801
00:36:47,950 --> 00:36:45,740
meet all of the extremes of temperature

802
00:36:49,960 --> 00:36:47,960
that our models predict that they will

803
00:36:51,460 --> 00:36:49,970
need to see so we have all the

804
00:36:53,200 --> 00:36:51,470
temperatures that they will see during

805
00:36:55,300 --> 00:36:53,210
launch and then the temperatures they

806
00:36:57,160 --> 00:36:55,310
will see once they pull down the

807
00:36:59,740 --> 00:36:57,170
cryogenic temperatures some of these

808
00:37:03,040 --> 00:36:59,750
pieces are Hardware see very large

809
00:37:05,560 --> 00:37:03,050
extremes of temperature and so we have

810
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:05,570
to test for all of those and then you

811
00:37:10,450 --> 00:37:07,610
also have the quality assurance aspect

812
00:37:12,580 --> 00:37:10,460
where you know people have to keep you

813
00:37:14,530 --> 00:37:12,590
know very solid paper work on how the

814
00:37:16,750 --> 00:37:14,540
piece of hardware was made it has to be

815
00:37:18,550 --> 00:37:16,760
tested signed off though there's the

816
00:37:20,170 --> 00:37:18,560
whole sort of oversight process of

817
00:37:22,630 --> 00:37:20,180
actually putting something together and

818
00:37:24,940 --> 00:37:22,640
doing the testing in the lab or at the

819
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:24,950
company that's building that and that's

820
00:37:28,660 --> 00:37:27,050
true for every single nut and bolt and

821
00:37:29,980 --> 00:37:28,670
anything that goes on this Observatory

822
00:37:32,260 --> 00:37:29,990
right it has to be spaced what's called

823
00:37:34,600 --> 00:37:32,270
space qualified open I'm getting that

824
00:37:37,180 --> 00:37:34,610
correct and the reason is that you can't

825
00:37:39,340 --> 00:37:37,190
go up and fix it later on so you have to

826
00:37:41,410 --> 00:37:39,350
test and make sure that everything works

827
00:37:43,510 --> 00:37:41,420
on the ground the way it's meant to and

828
00:37:46,990 --> 00:37:43,520
not just as a set of individual

829
00:37:47,930 --> 00:37:47,000
components actually a question from

830
00:37:49,910 --> 00:37:47,940
Trotter regarding

831
00:37:54,079 --> 00:37:49,920
- let me go and show this up here real

832
00:37:57,349 --> 00:37:54,089
quick this is from one thing mom in aria

833
00:37:59,720 --> 00:37:57,359
I apologize if I mispronounce that says

834
00:38:03,109 --> 00:37:59,730
that for the sunshield deploy test did

835
00:38:05,569 --> 00:38:03,119
you and how did you measure the deployed

836
00:38:07,520 --> 00:38:05,579
shape so is there a reason why that

837
00:38:10,460 --> 00:38:07,530
shape came into being and how do you

838
00:38:14,120 --> 00:38:10,470
guys measure to make sure that that was

839
00:38:18,230 --> 00:38:14,130
the nominal the nominal shape when it

840
00:38:21,740 --> 00:38:18,240
was fully deployed well who are you

841
00:38:29,720 --> 00:38:21,750
asking you to Trump the panel so I have

842
00:38:38,390 --> 00:38:29,730
an innovation scientist on my fan tact

843
00:38:42,289 --> 00:38:38,400
you onto the shape is determined by by

844
00:38:44,870 --> 00:38:42,299
analysis which one gives us the Koopman

845
00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:44,880
that we need and allows the packaging

846
00:38:52,970 --> 00:38:46,980
that we have to have to get it stowed

847
00:38:56,240 --> 00:38:52,980
and launched and deployed we do measure

848
00:38:58,400 --> 00:38:56,250
each of the membranes by themselves the

849
00:39:01,299 --> 00:38:58,410
template membranes were measured by a

850
00:39:05,799 --> 00:39:01,309
variety of techniques laser trackers

851
00:39:08,539 --> 00:39:05,809
laser radars called lidar z' and other

852
00:39:10,069 --> 00:39:08,549
instruments of that ilk to show that

853
00:39:12,589 --> 00:39:10,079
they had the correct three-dimensional

854
00:39:15,140 --> 00:39:12,599
shape so the shape is determined by

855
00:39:17,089 --> 00:39:15,150
analysis it gives us the thermal and

856
00:39:21,170 --> 00:39:17,099
optical performance that we require and

857
00:39:25,849 --> 00:39:21,180
then when the the membranes are made

858
00:39:28,130 --> 00:39:25,859
there they are measured and then at that

859
00:39:31,010 --> 00:39:28,140
system level we simply verified that the

860
00:39:33,730 --> 00:39:31,020
pull points the corners of the membranes

861
00:39:36,140 --> 00:39:33,740
were in the proper the proper position

862
00:39:38,510 --> 00:39:36,150
okay so we do have a lot of great

863
00:39:39,859 --> 00:39:38,520
comments and questions also on Twitter

864
00:39:41,630 --> 00:39:39,869
thank you guys for using Twitter I

865
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:41,640
appreciate it but before I get to our

866
00:39:46,640 --> 00:39:43,170
and I promise I'll get to as many as I

867
00:39:49,519 --> 00:39:46,650
can I want to ask mark how you were

868
00:39:51,289 --> 00:39:49,529
talking about the qualifying space

869
00:39:52,910 --> 00:39:51,299
hardware what it takes to make sure that

870
00:39:55,880 --> 00:39:52,920
it seems it has to work right the first

871
00:39:58,700 --> 00:39:55,890
time you as the observatory project

872
00:40:01,339 --> 00:39:58,710
scientist akkad er how how confident are

873
00:40:04,339 --> 00:40:01,349
you that all of this is going to work as

874
00:40:05,420 --> 00:40:04,349
and or as designed are you pretty are

875
00:40:08,479 --> 00:40:05,430
you pretty confident based on what

876
00:40:11,180 --> 00:40:08,489
you're seeing so far absolutely I'm very

877
00:40:14,210 --> 00:40:11,190
confident as the observer to project

878
00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:14,220
scientist I have to be involved in in

879
00:40:21,130 --> 00:40:17,130
all of these processes as John will tell

880
00:40:24,410 --> 00:40:21,140
you so I go out to Northrup on a regular

881
00:40:26,329 --> 00:40:24,420
basis and sittings meetings where we

882
00:40:28,910 --> 00:40:26,339
discuss how this work is going to get

883
00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:28,920
done then see it in the reviews when

884
00:40:33,559 --> 00:40:30,450
we've done the work and we're looking at

885
00:40:35,960 --> 00:40:33,569
the results and you know basically I

886
00:40:37,900 --> 00:40:35,970
participate in all aspects of this and I

887
00:40:40,579 --> 00:40:37,910
went out to see the Sun shield deployed

888
00:40:43,130 --> 00:40:40,589
because you know that is something that

889
00:40:45,259 --> 00:40:43,140
everybody asks about and of course as a

890
00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:45,269
scientist I'm very concerned about how

891
00:40:50,630 --> 00:40:47,910
it deploys because it's not just getting

892
00:40:53,059 --> 00:40:50,640
it out that's important but also how it

893
00:40:54,650 --> 00:40:53,069
comes out well each of the layers are

894
00:40:56,599 --> 00:40:54,660
aligned with respect to each other has

895
00:40:59,089 --> 00:40:56,609
you know big impact on the science so

896
00:41:01,460 --> 00:40:59,099
I'm clearly very interested in aspects

897
00:41:04,969 --> 00:41:01,470
ideas so yes I'm very confident because

898
00:41:07,519 --> 00:41:04,979
I stay very tuned in to what John and

899
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:07,529
Alberto and the engineers out at

900
00:41:11,569 --> 00:41:10,170
Northrop are doing so that I understand

901
00:41:13,609 --> 00:41:11,579
what they're doing and how it's being

902
00:41:15,979 --> 00:41:13,619
done and understand what the challenges

903
00:41:18,259 --> 00:41:15,989
are and how we're addressing it great

904
00:41:20,239 --> 00:41:18,269
I'm glad to hear that now on a related

905
00:41:22,279 --> 00:41:20,249
note and let's take a little bit step

906
00:41:24,019 --> 00:41:22,289
back to the bigger picture for just a

907
00:41:25,700 --> 00:41:24,029
moment and look at the mission as a

908
00:41:26,839 --> 00:41:25,710
whole and how the the observatory is

909
00:41:28,969 --> 00:41:26,849
coming together can you give us the

910
00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:28,979
status an update on our things are

911
00:41:33,079 --> 00:41:31,170
things going on schedule or is there any

912
00:41:38,559 --> 00:41:33,089
any red flags how were how are things

913
00:41:42,319 --> 00:41:39,920
okay

914
00:41:43,910 --> 00:41:42,329
I let me just speak to a couple of

915
00:41:46,309 --> 00:41:43,920
things we're doing here at Goddard and

916
00:41:46,670 --> 00:41:46,319
then John can speak okay that sounds

917
00:41:49,729 --> 00:41:46,680
great

918
00:41:52,069 --> 00:41:49,739
so one of the big milestones that we're

919
00:41:54,589 --> 00:41:52,079
just in the process of reaching the

920
00:41:58,190 --> 00:41:54,599
Goddard is something called C v2 and

921
00:41:59,839 --> 00:41:58,200
this is a thermal vacuum test that

922
00:42:01,789 --> 00:41:59,849
cryogenic temperatures of the four

923
00:42:04,579 --> 00:42:01,799
instruments we're doing three of these

924
00:42:06,469 --> 00:42:04,589
we are just finishing up the second one

925
00:42:08,450 --> 00:42:06,479
now so for the last couple of months

926
00:42:11,420 --> 00:42:08,460
we've been operating the four flight

927
00:42:14,180 --> 00:42:11,430
instruments the ones that will fly met

928
00:42:16,430 --> 00:42:14,190
mounted in there

929
00:42:17,989 --> 00:42:16,440
skeleton if you like that we call the

930
00:42:20,180 --> 00:42:17,999
icing or the integrated science

931
00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:20,190
instrument module and they have been

932
00:42:24,559 --> 00:42:22,890
operated in a big chamber we've done our

933
00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:24,569
instrument to instrument alignments

934
00:42:28,819 --> 00:42:26,130
check the performance of each of the

935
00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:28,829
instruments and we just finished that

936
00:42:33,229 --> 00:42:31,680
process recently and we're now in the

937
00:42:34,999 --> 00:42:33,239
process of starting to warm those

938
00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:35,009
instruments back up so that was the

939
00:42:40,309 --> 00:42:38,130
second of three tests and that way and

940
00:42:42,049 --> 00:42:40,319
that's going on at garden right now yeah

941
00:42:45,229 --> 00:42:42,059
it's actually just finishing up right

942
00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:45,239
and you can see the challenges I have

943
00:42:52,609 --> 00:42:48,720
doing this interview in a green building

944
00:42:54,920 --> 00:42:52,619
where the lights keep going out no

945
00:42:56,809 --> 00:42:54,930
you're saving energy that's good the

946
00:42:58,400 --> 00:42:56,819
bottom line is that we're we're doing

947
00:43:00,920 --> 00:42:58,410
really well we're on schedule we're

948
00:43:03,620 --> 00:43:00,930
their instrument testing the other big

949
00:43:07,670 --> 00:43:03,630
activity we have here is that we have a

950
00:43:10,029 --> 00:43:07,680
flight spare backplane which is what the

951
00:43:12,769 --> 00:43:10,039
mirrors mount to the center section and

952
00:43:15,229 --> 00:43:12,779
we've actually mounted two flights pair

953
00:43:17,799 --> 00:43:15,239
mirrors on that and that structures get

954
00:43:20,059 --> 00:43:17,809
being ready to be shipped down to Texas

955
00:43:22,219 --> 00:43:20,069
towards the end of the year so that we

956
00:43:24,709 --> 00:43:22,229
can put it in the big chamber in Texas

957
00:43:26,809 --> 00:43:24,719
at the Johnson Space Center early next

958
00:43:29,299 --> 00:43:26,819
year and start doing testing that will

959
00:43:31,039 --> 00:43:29,309
allow us to make sure we understand that

960
00:43:33,769 --> 00:43:31,049
all our test Hardware in that chamber

961
00:43:36,769 --> 00:43:33,779
works in preparation for when we send

962
00:43:39,349 --> 00:43:36,779
the final telescope down in 2017 for its

963
00:43:40,999 --> 00:43:39,359
end-to-end cryo optical fest but that's

964
00:43:43,009 --> 00:43:41,009
what's going on at Goddard and I hand

965
00:43:44,450 --> 00:43:43,019
over to John okay John go ahead watch

966
00:43:47,120 --> 00:43:44,460
give us a quick update on how things run

967
00:43:52,660 --> 00:43:47,130
on your end in short we're really quite

968
00:43:55,130 --> 00:43:52,670
firing all cylinders at Northrop we have

969
00:43:57,019 --> 00:43:55,140
accepted the flight structure that's

970
00:44:00,680 --> 00:43:57,029
going to hold the mirrors and our

971
00:44:04,219 --> 00:44:00,690
attaching the wings that hold the three

972
00:44:05,870 --> 00:44:04,229
sets of primary mirror elements that

973
00:44:10,099 --> 00:44:05,880
fold back that you saw in the deployment

974
00:44:12,829 --> 00:44:10,109
video we're in the process of building

975
00:44:17,839 --> 00:44:12,839
the spacecraft structure which is moving

976
00:44:20,509 --> 00:44:17,849
along a pace flight boxes on electronics

977
00:44:24,170 --> 00:44:20,519
are being received the main structure

978
00:44:26,239 --> 00:44:24,180
the sunshield is in is in build and we

979
00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:26,249
just have the test readiness review to

980
00:44:30,710 --> 00:44:26,850
measure

981
00:44:33,350 --> 00:44:30,720
the second plague membrane here at next

982
00:44:38,680 --> 00:44:33,360
oven we concluded that yesterday so

983
00:44:41,270 --> 00:44:38,690
basically all of the hardware for the

984
00:44:44,990 --> 00:44:41,280
Northrop side everything that's not the

985
00:44:48,500 --> 00:44:45,000
Isum is in some level of manufacture or

986
00:44:51,830 --> 00:44:48,510
assembly and so it's very exciting at

987
00:44:53,000 --> 00:44:51,840
this point in the program awesome and I

988
00:44:54,890 --> 00:44:53,010
want to underscore one thing I think

989
00:44:56,330 --> 00:44:54,900
both mark and Jonathan brought up which

990
00:44:58,370 --> 00:44:56,340
is the fact that at some point just

991
00:45:00,380 --> 00:44:58,380
because you test the sunshield

992
00:45:01,460 --> 00:45:00,390
separately and the mirrors separately

993
00:45:04,070 --> 00:45:01,470
doesn't mean that they're gonna work as

994
00:45:05,630 --> 00:45:04,080
a system well and so what Mark was

995
00:45:08,060 --> 00:45:05,640
mentioned is that at some point it will

996
00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:08,070
be a end-to-end testing of their all

997
00:45:12,350 --> 00:45:10,770
observatory and so that's extremely

998
00:45:14,060 --> 00:45:12,360
important because just because you test

999
00:45:16,930 --> 00:45:14,070
you know under these conditions you know

1000
00:45:18,410 --> 00:45:16,940
from launch to deployment to actual

1001
00:45:20,480 --> 00:45:18,420
commissioning and then through

1002
00:45:22,340 --> 00:45:20,490
operations it doesn't you know if you

1003
00:45:25,460 --> 00:45:22,350
test a separate system it does not

1004
00:45:26,720 --> 00:45:25,470
really follow through logically that it

1005
00:45:28,970 --> 00:45:26,730
will work together very well and so I

1006
00:45:30,680 --> 00:45:28,980
think all these tests are getting large

1007
00:45:32,150 --> 00:45:30,690
and large in complexity in the sense

1008
00:45:34,040 --> 00:45:32,160
that you adding and adding things

1009
00:45:35,210 --> 00:45:34,050
together and this is actually the name

1010
00:45:36,860 --> 00:45:35,220
of the game for this telescope because

1011
00:45:39,050 --> 00:45:36,870
it's so it's so complex but at the same

1012
00:45:40,520 --> 00:45:39,060
time so beautiful to watch I know this

1013
00:45:42,680 --> 00:45:40,530
is great I'm very excited I'm glad

1014
00:45:44,330 --> 00:45:42,690
things are still on track we have gotten

1015
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:44,340
a lot of comments and questions let me

1016
00:45:48,140 --> 00:45:46,050
try to get to some of them now this is

1017
00:45:50,950 --> 00:45:48,150
from the QA AB Michael joban is asking

1018
00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:50,960
now when Mike Massimino was removing

1019
00:45:55,820 --> 00:45:54,090
captain on HST it fell apart when he

1020
00:45:58,190 --> 00:45:55,830
touched it and made a mess the Sun

1021
00:46:00,470 --> 00:45:58,200
degraded it so is that okay

1022
00:46:02,810 --> 00:46:00,480
don't see yeah there's a couple of

1023
00:46:05,480 --> 00:46:02,820
things that are different the Hubble's

1024
00:46:08,300 --> 00:46:05,490
in a very low orbit it's actually still

1025
00:46:13,370 --> 00:46:08,310
in the the sensible atmosphere if you

1026
00:46:15,860 --> 00:46:13,380
will and so the captain on the Hubble

1027
00:46:17,420 --> 00:46:15,870
faces a very different environment the

1028
00:46:22,690 --> 00:46:17,430
low Earth environment is much more

1029
00:46:29,180 --> 00:46:22,700
hostile to us than the l2 environment

1030
00:46:32,390 --> 00:46:29,190
that being said the the captain in Sun

1031
00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:32,400
shield material development was one of

1032
00:46:37,640 --> 00:46:35,310
the ten early technologies that needed

1033
00:46:40,280 --> 00:46:37,650
to be developed and demonstrated prior

1034
00:46:43,910 --> 00:46:40,290
to confirmation of JWST so

1035
00:46:46,580 --> 00:46:43,920
the actual design of that flight

1036
00:46:51,590 --> 00:46:46,590
material saw extensive environmental

1037
00:46:54,830 --> 00:46:51,600
testing about a decade ago to prove its

1038
00:46:58,280 --> 00:46:54,840
its flight worthiness so it's all what's

1039
00:47:01,100 --> 00:46:58,290
life question and again we answered that

1040
00:47:04,250 --> 00:47:01,110
question by by testing and retiring that

1041
00:47:07,760 --> 00:47:04,260
risk right basically you're saying that

1042
00:47:10,330 --> 00:47:07,770
it's the the amount of atmosphere that

1043
00:47:12,920 --> 00:47:10,340
Hubble is going through that slowly

1044
00:47:15,260 --> 00:47:12,930
degrading it because of friction over

1045
00:47:16,760 --> 00:47:15,270
that long period of time that that James

1046
00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:16,770
Webb won't be dealing with since is

1047
00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:19,530
going to be out the l2 point correct we

1048
00:47:25,250 --> 00:47:21,450
don't have the concern over atomic

1049
00:47:27,260 --> 00:47:25,260
oxygen which is you know extremely

1050
00:47:29,870 --> 00:47:27,270
corrosive both kinetically and

1051
00:47:32,450 --> 00:47:29,880
chemically right and so it does have the

1052
00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:32,460
tendency to degrade materials in a

1053
00:47:37,600 --> 00:47:34,170
different way in low-earth orbit than it

1054
00:47:39,430 --> 00:47:37,610
does in essentially interplanetary

1055
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:39,440
environment that we're gonna live it

1056
00:47:44,660 --> 00:47:42,810
okay Judy Schmidt also on the Q&A app hi

1057
00:47:46,460 --> 00:47:44,670
Judy asked a really good question and

1058
00:47:48,080 --> 00:47:46,470
I'm gonna use it also as a segue into

1059
00:47:49,910 --> 00:47:48,090
the l2 point discussion a little bit

1060
00:47:51,860 --> 00:47:49,920
she's asking is there any place in the

1061
00:47:54,620 --> 00:47:51,870
solar system where an infrared telescope

1062
00:47:57,440 --> 00:47:54,630
could be placed and not have to rely on

1063
00:47:59,270 --> 00:47:57,450
coolant and Sun shields to maintain its

1064
00:48:02,270 --> 00:47:59,280
effectiveness is there anywhere we can

1065
00:48:04,460 --> 00:48:02,280
go but we don't need these things let's

1066
00:48:07,850 --> 00:48:04,470
see yeah I'll take I'll take a crack at

1067
00:48:10,550 --> 00:48:07,860
it and and and Mark may have a few other

1068
00:48:14,120 --> 00:48:10,560
ideas but basically what we need to do

1069
00:48:15,740 --> 00:48:14,130
is get our telescope into a cold

1070
00:48:18,020 --> 00:48:15,750
environment we're bringing that with us

1071
00:48:21,680 --> 00:48:18,030
that's the Sun shield and we want it to

1072
00:48:24,770 --> 00:48:21,690
be steady which is one of the positive

1073
00:48:26,720 --> 00:48:24,780
attributes of the l2 orbit in principle

1074
00:48:29,300 --> 00:48:26,730
we could locate that infrared telescope

1075
00:48:35,330 --> 00:48:29,310
a very far away very far away from the

1076
00:48:38,120 --> 00:48:35,340
Sun and a way away from its heating the

1077
00:48:40,850 --> 00:48:38,130
sun's heat the problem with that is we

1078
00:48:42,890 --> 00:48:40,860
then have no power or very little power

1079
00:48:46,520 --> 00:48:42,900
or have to take a very large battery or

1080
00:48:52,430 --> 00:48:46,530
radioisotope thermoelectric

1081
00:48:53,920 --> 00:48:52,440
a we're not very far away from us earth

1082
00:48:57,280 --> 00:48:53,930
on earth and we have to

1083
00:49:00,670 --> 00:48:57,290
the data home so the orbit that we were

1084
00:49:03,220 --> 00:49:00,680
chosen is a balance between a stable

1085
00:49:04,839 --> 00:49:03,230
orbit close to home so we can get the

1086
00:49:08,170 --> 00:49:04,849
massive amounts of data we're going to

1087
00:49:09,670 --> 00:49:08,180
take home in a safe way and the ability

1088
00:49:11,980 --> 00:49:09,680
to stay out of the earth and moon

1089
00:49:14,440 --> 00:49:11,990
shadows giving us a stable environment

1090
00:49:18,250 --> 00:49:14,450
so in some respects it's kind of the

1091
00:49:19,540 --> 00:49:18,260
Goldilocks place yeah the best let's

1092
00:49:21,339 --> 00:49:19,550
well let's talk a little more about the

1093
00:49:23,349 --> 00:49:21,349
El Topo Alberto can you describe what

1094
00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:23,359
the l2 point is and why we're going

1095
00:49:28,359 --> 00:49:25,970
there so we're going there for it for

1096
00:49:31,809 --> 00:49:28,369
actually for all the reasons that the

1097
00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:31,819
John just just mentioned we want to

1098
00:49:36,900 --> 00:49:33,650
sorry we want to we want to face the

1099
00:49:40,359 --> 00:49:36,910
moon the moon earth system all the time

1100
00:49:42,160 --> 00:49:40,369
okay we are going to do that and that

1101
00:49:43,569 --> 00:49:42,170
provides us with power because the Sun

1102
00:49:45,700 --> 00:49:43,579
is also in the same direction

1103
00:49:47,770 --> 00:49:45,710
that provides us with line-of-sight you

1104
00:49:50,260 --> 00:49:47,780
know to earth that is great if you want

1105
00:49:52,500 --> 00:49:50,270
to beam down information and this is

1106
00:49:55,450 --> 00:49:52,510
jazz John describe it it's basically a

1107
00:49:57,339 --> 00:49:55,460
sort of a it's not really a point it's

1108
00:49:59,500 --> 00:49:57,349
you know because I think what I would

1109
00:50:01,030 --> 00:49:59,510
like to notice if folks take a look at

1110
00:50:04,000 --> 00:50:01,040
the deployment video at the very end

1111
00:50:08,319 --> 00:50:04,010
where after the 29 days after the month

1112
00:50:10,420 --> 00:50:08,329
where that the deployment takes there's

1113
00:50:12,460 --> 00:50:10,430
a very large you see this orbit which is

1114
00:50:13,870 --> 00:50:12,470
a very large orbit at the very end which

1115
00:50:15,430 --> 00:50:13,880
is an orbit that is larger than the

1116
00:50:18,780 --> 00:50:15,440
distance from us to the moon really it's

1117
00:50:22,150 --> 00:50:18,790
a it's a 800,000 by 500,000 ellipse

1118
00:50:24,460 --> 00:50:22,160
kilometers ellipse and so it's a it's a

1119
00:50:27,039 --> 00:50:24,470
we are around the point you know where

1120
00:50:29,380 --> 00:50:27,049
we are able to there we go if you show

1121
00:50:30,910 --> 00:50:29,390
the deployment at the very very end that

1122
00:50:35,170 --> 00:50:30,920
you might be able to see those lines

1123
00:50:37,990 --> 00:50:35,180
represent the size to scale of the orbit

1124
00:50:40,750 --> 00:50:38,000
around the second lagrangian point that

1125
00:50:42,280 --> 00:50:40,760
web will take and so you see that you

1126
00:50:43,539 --> 00:50:42,290
know we see the distance from the earth

1127
00:50:47,620 --> 00:50:43,549
to the moon and if you you know if you

1128
00:50:50,260 --> 00:50:47,630
keep it running Kelly you see that at

1129
00:50:51,640 --> 00:50:50,270
the very end before it disappears so you

1130
00:50:53,890 --> 00:50:51,650
can probably pause it whenever you have

1131
00:50:56,650 --> 00:50:53,900
those those lines are showing up in in

1132
00:50:58,059 --> 00:50:56,660
in a few seconds so those those lines

1133
00:50:59,859 --> 00:50:58,069
are present the size of the orbit of

1134
00:51:02,740 --> 00:50:59,869
jadibooti around that point so it's

1135
00:51:05,319 --> 00:51:02,750
really not at l2 it's in orbit around l2

1136
00:51:07,240 --> 00:51:05,329
and that orbit provides again a very

1137
00:51:07,870 --> 00:51:07,250
stable point for power a very stable

1138
00:51:10,990 --> 00:51:07,880
point

1139
00:51:14,499 --> 00:51:11,000
or data handling you know in terms of in

1140
00:51:16,980 --> 00:51:14,509
terms of beaming down the wonderful day

1141
00:51:20,079 --> 00:51:16,990
that we're gonna get in 2019 yeah it's

1142
00:51:24,279 --> 00:51:20,089
it's worth stating very quickly that

1143
00:51:27,609 --> 00:51:24,289
once JWST has launched in the early

1144
00:51:30,880 --> 00:51:27,619
morning of its launch day it's never in

1145
00:51:32,920 --> 00:51:30,890
shadow we have no eclipses on this orbit

1146
00:51:36,279 --> 00:51:32,930
we're never in the Earth or the moon

1147
00:51:38,470 --> 00:51:36,289
shadow at any point in our trajectory so

1148
00:51:40,569 --> 00:51:38,480
mark wanted to say something yeah I was

1149
00:51:43,480 --> 00:51:40,579
gonna say that the one other magic thing

1150
00:51:46,420 --> 00:51:43,490
about l2 is that we get 24/7 science

1151
00:51:48,670 --> 00:51:46,430
operation exactly yes I mean slowing

1152
00:51:50,920 --> 00:51:48,680
from one object to the next unlike Cobo

1153
00:51:53,410 --> 00:51:50,930
of course which in its low Earth orbit

1154
00:51:57,279 --> 00:51:53,420
has to go around the earth and you know

1155
00:51:58,720 --> 00:51:57,289
we go 45 minutes around the bright part

1156
00:52:01,089 --> 00:51:58,730
of the Earth's and then we get 45

1157
00:52:03,549 --> 00:52:01,099
minutes for science around the dark so

1158
00:52:05,079 --> 00:52:03,559
that l2 we just get to do science all

1159
00:52:09,339 --> 00:52:05,089
the time and it's just gonna be very

1160
00:52:11,499 --> 00:52:09,349
important or doing some of the exoplanet

1161
00:52:13,569 --> 00:52:11,509
science of people are proposing now

1162
00:52:16,180 --> 00:52:13,579
where you may have to spend it quite a

1163
00:52:21,160 --> 00:52:16,190
long time staring at one object glad you

1164
00:52:22,660 --> 00:52:21,170
brought up exoplanet on YouTube and as

1165
00:52:25,930 --> 00:52:22,670
we as we've heard one of the science

1166
00:52:28,089 --> 00:52:25,940
goals of JWST will be to help us

1167
00:52:30,309 --> 00:52:28,099
understand exoplanets a lot more in

1168
00:52:33,940 --> 00:52:30,319
their atmospheres and he is asking how

1169
00:52:36,130 --> 00:52:33,950
small and will an exoplanet will jws TV

1170
00:52:39,069 --> 00:52:36,140
be able to resolve or can you answer

1171
00:52:41,920 --> 00:52:39,079
that one sorry did you say to resolve

1172
00:52:45,180 --> 00:52:41,930
yeah that's a key question that's a key

1173
00:52:49,359 --> 00:52:45,190
maybe we should talk about resolve me a

1174
00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:49,369
wst will be able to I guess the word I

1175
00:52:57,120 --> 00:52:53,210
would use is the image exoplanets and

1176
00:53:00,249 --> 00:52:57,130
sort of gas giant class maybe down to

1177
00:53:02,499 --> 00:53:00,259
some some of the larger Neptune's and

1178
00:53:05,589 --> 00:53:02,509
this is because we really weren't

1179
00:53:09,370 --> 00:53:05,599
designed to take direct images of

1180
00:53:12,069 --> 00:53:09,380
planets and there are a lot of things

1181
00:53:14,349 --> 00:53:12,079
that go into question of how you do that

1182
00:53:16,180 --> 00:53:14,359
but the bottom line is that you you're

1183
00:53:18,220 --> 00:53:16,190
trying to look at very faint objects

1184
00:53:19,990 --> 00:53:18,230
next very bright objects so you have to

1185
00:53:21,850 --> 00:53:20,000
use an instrument called a coronagraph

1186
00:53:26,410 --> 00:53:21,860
and on Jade

1187
00:53:28,210 --> 00:53:26,420
UST some of the coronagraphs can do

1188
00:53:30,160 --> 00:53:28,220
these kind of observations but you can't

1189
00:53:32,350 --> 00:53:30,170
see in so close that you could for

1190
00:53:34,750 --> 00:53:32,360
instance see an earth-sized planet so

1191
00:53:36,850 --> 00:53:34,760
you can see or the big jupiter-sized

1192
00:53:39,490 --> 00:53:36,860
planets you know the gas giants further

1193
00:53:40,290 --> 00:53:39,500
out that's good enough for me I'd be

1194
00:53:43,500 --> 00:53:40,300
happy with that

1195
00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:43,510
Michael Maxie also on YouTube is asking

1196
00:53:48,580 --> 00:53:46,490
how durable are the optics maybe this

1197
00:53:51,670 --> 00:53:48,590
was for you Jonathan how durable are the

1198
00:53:54,700 --> 00:53:51,680
optics - meteor impacts and how hard

1199
00:53:55,750 --> 00:53:54,710
easy is in-flight maintenance all that

1200
00:54:04,090 --> 00:53:55,760
last part of the question is an easy

1201
00:54:06,430 --> 00:54:04,100
thing to ask with the second question

1202
00:54:09,460 --> 00:54:06,440
because maintenance is not part of our

1203
00:54:14,700 --> 00:54:09,470
our mission so write the telephone does

1204
00:54:17,580 --> 00:54:14,710
not require servicing to meet his life

1205
00:54:19,810 --> 00:54:17,590
requirement and working backwards

1206
00:54:22,840 --> 00:54:19,820
earlier in the conversation when I

1207
00:54:25,690 --> 00:54:22,850
discussed micro meteorite impacts

1208
00:54:30,910 --> 00:54:25,700
hypervelocity testing that was conducted

1209
00:54:34,650 --> 00:54:30,920
on the membranes we similarly did those

1210
00:54:40,210 --> 00:54:34,660
kinds of tests on the beryllium mirrors

1211
00:54:43,330 --> 00:54:40,220
to understand how those projectiles

1212
00:54:46,420 --> 00:54:43,340
interact whether they bounce off when

1213
00:54:49,770 --> 00:54:46,430
they crater or what they do and so as a

1214
00:54:52,150 --> 00:54:49,780
result again in the budget that

1215
00:54:55,380 --> 00:54:52,160
determines the optical figure of the

1216
00:54:59,800 --> 00:54:55,390
mirror there is an entry for

1217
00:55:03,130 --> 00:54:59,810
micrometeoroid degradation and the

1218
00:55:05,650 --> 00:55:03,140
budget which mark has reviewed with me

1219
00:55:09,490 --> 00:55:05,660
on many occasions those shows that we be

1220
00:55:11,460 --> 00:55:09,500
are way front or our optical figure you

1221
00:55:13,450 --> 00:55:11,470
know well past the five year lifetime

1222
00:55:15,420 --> 00:55:13,460
including the effects of the micro

1223
00:55:17,980 --> 00:55:15,430
meteoroids that's very good

1224
00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:17,990
this is putting up another question

1225
00:55:21,670 --> 00:55:20,090
that's related I don't mean to cut you

1226
00:55:22,660 --> 00:55:21,680
off but this is actually in line with

1227
00:55:24,910 --> 00:55:22,670
what you're talking about

1228
00:55:27,580 --> 00:55:24,920
where this where Jeremy Topolsky is

1229
00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:27,590
asking about the estimated lifetime of

1230
00:55:30,400 --> 00:55:28,850
this budget that you're talking about

1231
00:55:32,230 --> 00:55:30,410
how long is it supposed to last you're

1232
00:55:34,240 --> 00:55:32,240
saying you're designing and for the

1233
00:55:36,670 --> 00:55:34,250
five-year mission but it's

1234
00:55:39,190 --> 00:55:36,680
that's right we have a requirement meant

1235
00:55:41,859 --> 00:55:39,200
to last for four five at least five

1236
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:41,869
years you know typically the way you

1237
00:55:48,970 --> 00:55:45,770
prove that a system will last five years

1238
00:55:51,910 --> 00:55:48,980
is by assuming basically everything go

1239
00:55:54,070 --> 00:55:51,920
wrong can go wrong and will go wrong and

1240
00:55:56,560 --> 00:55:54,080
that you still meet the lifetime

1241
00:55:59,890 --> 00:55:56,570
requirement and so in a more nominal

1242
00:56:03,670 --> 00:55:59,900
case you get a much longer life time for

1243
00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:03,680
JWST the consumable item the thing that

1244
00:56:09,460 --> 00:56:06,170
will be life limiting is our fuel not

1245
00:56:11,740 --> 00:56:09,470
the performance of the optics right yeah

1246
00:56:13,359 --> 00:56:11,750
so as well let's talk about the fuel

1247
00:56:17,230 --> 00:56:13,369
we'll just a little bit what's it for

1248
00:56:20,470 --> 00:56:17,240
well how much fuel will that have we

1249
00:56:22,839 --> 00:56:20,480
have a requirement to have five years

1250
00:56:24,609 --> 00:56:22,849
worth of mission fuel again this is

1251
00:56:28,990 --> 00:56:24,619
sized in an extremely conservative

1252
00:56:31,150 --> 00:56:29,000
manner we do have we will be loading

1253
00:56:34,420 --> 00:56:31,160
excuse me their requirement for 10 years

1254
00:56:37,480 --> 00:56:34,430
of fuel there is still room in the tank

1255
00:56:41,020 --> 00:56:37,490
so if we have extra mass to spend we'll

1256
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:41,030
fill up the tanks again with a more

1257
00:56:44,859 --> 00:56:43,010
nominal case we should far exceed that

1258
00:56:46,240 --> 00:56:44,869
five-year life okay great I'm sorry I'm

1259
00:56:46,870 --> 00:56:46,250
rushing but there's so many I want to

1260
00:56:48,730 --> 00:56:46,880
get to

1261
00:56:51,430 --> 00:56:48,740
Alberto this one's this one's for you

1262
00:56:54,520 --> 00:56:51,440
please compare real thing 1905 on

1263
00:57:01,180 --> 00:56:54,530
YouTube please compare the changeable

1264
00:57:03,790 --> 00:57:01,190
oh okay as big as a school bus as big as

1265
00:57:06,910 --> 00:57:03,800
a tennis court Hubble is a visible

1266
00:57:09,160 --> 00:57:06,920
telescope which has given us actually 25

1267
00:57:12,460 --> 00:57:09,170
years of a spectacular images next year

1268
00:57:14,950 --> 00:57:12,470
next April of spectacular images as

1269
00:57:18,339 --> 00:57:14,960
revolutionize science and rewritten

1270
00:57:20,680 --> 00:57:18,349
textbooks I might add Webb will do that

1271
00:57:23,440 --> 00:57:20,690
wait a little longer but it's also a not

1272
00:57:24,700 --> 00:57:23,450
a optical telescope is not a visible

1273
00:57:28,599 --> 00:57:24,710
light telescope it's an infrared

1274
00:57:32,050 --> 00:57:28,609
infrared telescope the web wait I am not

1275
00:57:38,440 --> 00:57:32,060
done I know I'm just yeah once you get

1276
00:57:40,420 --> 00:57:38,450
him talking as Mark is Mark mentioned

1277
00:57:41,950 --> 00:57:40,430
also as Mark mentioned also we want to

1278
00:57:45,220 --> 00:57:41,960
image things are very very faint and

1279
00:57:47,530 --> 00:57:45,230
very far away or both actually and so we

1280
00:57:49,240 --> 00:57:47,540
need a larger aperture so we are about

1281
00:57:51,790 --> 00:57:49,250
twenty-one feet or six and a half meters

1282
00:57:54,520 --> 00:57:51,800
versus a two point four meter of the of

1283
00:57:56,230 --> 00:57:54,530
the Hubble Space Telescope the orbits

1284
00:58:00,040 --> 00:57:56,240
are very different as we talked about

1285
00:58:01,870 --> 00:58:00,050
the Hubble is in low-earth orbit it goes

1286
00:58:04,330 --> 00:58:01,880
around the earth about in ninety minutes

1287
00:58:08,020 --> 00:58:04,340
or so we are going a million miles away

1288
00:58:10,990 --> 00:58:08,030
or 1 billion sorry

1289
00:58:13,270 --> 00:58:11,000
1 million kilometres away from Earth at

1290
00:58:14,980 --> 00:58:13,280
this second round jump point so it's a

1291
00:58:17,320 --> 00:58:14,990
very very different one and actually I

1292
00:58:19,180 --> 00:58:17,330
would say that Webb Reid does not even

1293
00:58:20,650 --> 00:58:19,190
look like it like you your grandfather's

1294
00:58:22,390 --> 00:58:20,660
telescope so to speak as you as you look

1295
00:58:25,570 --> 00:58:22,400
at it we have to expose the optics

1296
00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:25,580
basically in order to satisfy the

1297
00:58:29,590 --> 00:58:28,490
requirements for folding and/or getting

1298
00:58:32,920 --> 00:58:29,600
the science done for such a large

1299
00:58:35,680 --> 00:58:32,930
optical telescope in for a telescope ok

1300
00:58:38,530 --> 00:58:35,690
I'm gonna have a Scott if you do up a

1301
00:58:39,610 --> 00:58:38,540
couple of Twitter ones for me because I

1302
00:58:40,750 --> 00:58:39,620
know there's a lot of things happening

1303
00:58:42,490 --> 00:58:40,760
on Twitter and you can share the screen

1304
00:58:45,160 --> 00:58:42,500
on that really good let me get Adams

1305
00:58:46,840 --> 00:58:45,170
synergies question out on the QA app

1306
00:58:49,450 --> 00:58:46,850
which i think is a good one to ask you

1307
00:58:52,480 --> 00:58:49,460
guys with such a complex deployment of

1308
00:58:54,970 --> 00:58:52,490
JWST is it stressful putting it all

1309
00:59:02,890 --> 00:58:54,980
together anyone had any bad dreams yet

1310
00:59:04,330 --> 00:59:02,900
about it all going I was going to say

1311
00:59:06,220 --> 00:59:04,340
that all I will say to John when the

1312
00:59:15,130 --> 00:59:06,230
program started has all these hair and

1313
00:59:18,550 --> 00:59:15,140
all these yes absolutely it's it's

1314
00:59:21,460 --> 00:59:18,560
stressful but it's a good kind of stress

1315
00:59:24,870 --> 00:59:21,470
everybody who's working the team is very

1316
00:59:30,550 --> 00:59:24,880
dedicated and the the stress is a

1317
00:59:33,280 --> 00:59:30,560
productive one in that ensures that

1318
00:59:37,570 --> 00:59:33,290
everybody checks and double-checks so

1319
00:59:40,390 --> 00:59:37,580
yes absolutely it's stressful but for

1320
00:59:42,550 --> 00:59:40,400
those of us on the team you know we all

1321
00:59:48,390 --> 00:59:42,560
have had to give us the ball we want to

1322
00:59:51,370 --> 00:59:48,400
make that shot so absolutely it is but

1323
00:59:52,660 --> 00:59:51,380
very hard to get in this position yes

1324
00:59:54,730 --> 00:59:52,670
and according to mark things are going

1325
00:59:56,170 --> 00:59:54,740
quite well so great job guys I'm really

1326
00:59:57,220 --> 00:59:56,180
I think I'm really excited

1327
00:59:59,170 --> 00:59:57,230
go ahead Albert who you want to comment

1328
01:00:00,580 --> 00:59:59,180
no I was gonna say that even must be I

1329
01:00:01,390 --> 01:00:00,590
was gonna ask mark actually it must be

1330
01:00:03,040 --> 01:00:01,400
stressful for him

1331
01:00:04,720 --> 01:00:03,050
as well as the scientists and because it

1332
01:00:06,190 --> 01:00:04,730
is for me for example because there's

1333
01:00:07,510 --> 01:00:06,200
always this tension between engineering

1334
01:00:09,760 --> 01:00:07,520
requirements and scientific requirements

1335
01:00:11,770 --> 01:00:09,770
that has to go on and on and on and so

1336
01:00:13,870 --> 01:00:11,780
you give up this much and you get back

1337
01:00:14,890 --> 01:00:13,880
this other much so the stress for the

1338
01:00:15,970 --> 01:00:14,900
scientist is a little different than

1339
01:00:16,480 --> 01:00:15,980
bill and telescope but it's very

1340
01:00:17,680 --> 01:00:16,490
stressful

1341
01:00:21,850 --> 01:00:17,690
I think the stress for the scientists

1342
01:00:22,960 --> 01:00:21,860
will increase tenfold after after the

1343
01:00:25,960 --> 01:00:22,970
telescope is actually becomes

1344
01:00:29,080 --> 01:00:25,970
operational to see actually what how how

1345
01:00:33,610 --> 01:00:29,090
will how it will really operate and what

1346
01:00:34,960 --> 01:00:33,620
what it will deliver great okay so Scott

1347
01:00:38,740 --> 01:00:34,970
do you have anything from Twitter thank

1348
01:00:40,270 --> 01:00:38,750
you guys by the way hang out Hubble hang

1349
01:00:46,720 --> 01:00:40,280
on hashtag is really doing well so thank

1350
01:00:50,800 --> 01:00:48,940
who's master physicists from Columbia I

1351
01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:50,810
was responding to one of the tweets out

1352
01:00:54,850 --> 01:00:53,450
there that with NASA what telescope my

1353
01:00:57,310 --> 01:00:54,860
scope wants to science all the time

1354
01:00:57,670 --> 01:00:57,320
science all the time science all the

1355
01:01:01,000 --> 01:00:57,680
time

1356
01:01:03,130 --> 01:01:01,010
Oh anything Scott just looks for excuses

1357
01:01:05,710 --> 01:01:03,140
to sing hey it's what I do

1358
01:01:09,420 --> 01:01:05,720
that's why I Drive the Internet I join

1359
01:01:11,710 --> 01:01:09,430
what your hands to go with it um

1360
01:01:13,780 --> 01:01:11,720
Alessandro Barsanti says I can't wait to

1361
01:01:16,030 --> 01:01:13,790
understand exoplanets more with NASA

1362
01:01:18,580 --> 01:01:16,040
Webb telescope can we break it down into

1363
01:01:21,250 --> 01:01:18,590
six words so I don't know if you guys

1364
01:01:23,770 --> 01:01:21,260
are familiar with six words it's trying

1365
01:01:26,080 --> 01:01:23,780
to break down a concept my attempt at it

1366
01:01:28,560 --> 01:01:26,090
was might find other Earth's out there

1367
01:01:32,590 --> 01:01:28,570
do you guys want to give a try at

1368
01:01:35,350 --> 01:01:32,600
exoplanets in six words exoplanet at six

1369
01:01:42,840 --> 01:01:35,360
words so you didn't know you'd be tested

1370
01:01:58,180 --> 01:01:56,470
now there we go awesome and there yeah

1371
01:02:00,250 --> 01:01:58,190
there's been a lot of great activity

1372
01:02:02,560 --> 01:02:00,260
with the Hubble hangout hashtag from all

1373
01:02:04,390 --> 01:02:02,570
over the place questions and comments

1374
01:02:05,530 --> 01:02:04,400
you guys have been awesome yeah thank

1375
01:02:06,720 --> 01:02:05,540
you guys for getting on Twitter we

1376
01:02:09,280 --> 01:02:06,730
appreciate it it's usually been the

1377
01:02:11,860 --> 01:02:09,290
you've been the the light spot in our

1378
01:02:14,860 --> 01:02:11,870
conversation with you guys also lots of

1379
01:02:15,340 --> 01:02:14,870
comments and questions on the various so

1380
01:02:17,230 --> 01:02:15,350
social for me

1381
01:02:18,610 --> 01:02:17,240
channels I was looking at unfortunately

1382
01:02:20,530 --> 01:02:18,620
we're out of time and I have to let

1383
01:02:21,760 --> 01:02:20,540
these guys go you guys gonna come back

1384
01:02:26,350 --> 01:02:21,770
and give us another update in the future

1385
01:02:27,850 --> 01:02:26,360
oh yeah till 2018 I know well I just saw

1386
01:02:31,350 --> 01:02:27,860
the next test right Jonathan um if

1387
01:02:33,550 --> 01:02:31,360
you're gonna be like my damn artists

1388
01:02:37,570 --> 01:02:33,560
mark was sometimes a Goddard you're

1389
01:02:38,470 --> 01:02:37,580
gonna let us do a hangout right people I

1390
01:02:40,090 --> 01:02:38,480
mean I got to tell you this is

1391
01:02:42,160 --> 01:02:40,100
generating a lot of interest this is one

1392
01:02:43,810 --> 01:02:42,170
of the most viewed hangouts we've done

1393
01:02:48,820 --> 01:02:43,820
so far so I want to thank you all very

1394
01:02:54,690 --> 01:02:48,830
much and I guess we'll stop there that's